In Sahih Bukhari, Muhammad is quoted as saying “Listen and obey your leader, even if he is an Ethiopian with a head like a raisin.”

Islamic scholar Ibn Qutaybah described black people as “ugly and misshapen because they live in a hot country where the heat overcooks them in the womb and curls their hair.”

Muslim scholar Nasir al-Din Tusi once said:

• “The ape is more capable of being trained than the Negro.”

Female leaders:

• In Sahih Bukhari, when Muhammad learned that the Persians had instated a female monarch, he said “Never will succeed such a nation as makes a woman their ruler.”